Journal:Cannabinoid, terpene, and heavy metal analysis of 29 over-the-counter commercial veterinary hemp supplements
| Full article title | Cannabinoid, terpene, and heavy metal analysis of 29 over-the-counter commercial veterinary hemp supplements |
|---|---|
| Journal | Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports |
| Author(s) | Wakshlag, Joseph J.; Cital, Stephen; Eaton, Scott J.; Prussin, Reece; Hudalla, Christopher |
| Author affiliation(s) | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, ElleVet Sciences, ProVerde Laboratories |
| Primary contact | Email: Dr dot joesh at gmail dot com |
| Year published | 2020 |
| Volume and issue | 11 |
| Page(s) | 45—55 |
| DOI | 10.2147/VMRR.S248712 |
| ISSN | 2230-2034 |
| Distribution license | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported |
| Website | https://www.dovepress.com/cannabinoid-terpene-and-heavy-metal-analysis-of-29-over-the-counter-co |
| Download | https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=57398 (PDF) |
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This article should be considered a work in progress and incomplete. Consider this article incomplete until this notice is removed. |
Abstract
Purpose: The use of veterinary low-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa (i.e., hemp) products has increased in popularity for a variety of pet ailments. Low-THC Cannabis sativa is federally legal for sale and distribution in the United States, and the rise in internet commerce has provided access to interested consumers, with minimal quality control.
Materials and methods: We performed an internet word search of “hemp extract and dog” or “CBD product and dog” and analyzed 29 products that were using low-THC Cannabis sativa extracts in their production of supplements. All products were tested for major cannabinoids, including ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and other minor cannabinoids, as well as their respective carboxylic acid derivatives tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) using an ISO/IEC 17025-certified laboratory. Products were also tested for major terpenes and heavy metals to understand constituents in the hemp plants being extracted and distributed.
Results: All products were below the federal limit of 0.3% THC, with variable amounts of CBD (0– 88 mg/mL or g). Only two products did not supply a CBD or total cannabinoid concentration on their packaging or website, while 22 of 29 had an associated certificate of analysis (COA) from a third-party laboratory. Ten of the 27 products were within 10% of the total cannabinoid concentrations of their label claim, with a median concentration of 93% of claims (0– 154%). Heavy metal contamination was found in four of 29 products, with lead being the most prevalent contaminant (three of 29).
Conclusion: The products analyzed had highly variable concentrations of CBD or total cannabinoids, with only 18 of 29 being appropriately labeled according to current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) non-medication, non-dietary supplement, or non-food guidelines. Owners and veterinarians wanting to utilize CBD-rich Cannabis sativa products should be aware of low-concentration products and should obtain a COA enabling them to fully discuss the implications of use and calculated dosing before administering to pets.
Keywords: cannabinoid, hemp, supplement, cannabidiol, pet, terpene, oral
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This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. Some grammar and punctuation was cleaned up to improve readability. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added.
