Difference between revisions of "Journal:Fertilization following pollination predominantly decreases phytocannabinoids accumulation and alters the accumulation of terpenoids in Cannabis inflorescences"

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Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has increasingly showed the therapeutic capabilities of ''[[Cannabis]]'' plants. These capabilities have been attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular [[trichome]]s of female [[inflorescence]]s, mainly [[Cannabinoid|phytocannabinoids]] and [[terpenoid]]s. The accumulation of these metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. As ''Cannabis'' is a [[Dioecy|dioecious]] plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids.
Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has increasingly showed the therapeutic capabilities of ''[[Cannabis]]'' plants. These capabilities have been attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular [[trichome]]s of female [[inflorescence]]s, mainly [[Cannabinoid|phytocannabinoids]] and [[terpenoid]]s. The accumulation of these metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. As ''Cannabis'' is a [[Dioecy|dioecious]] plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids.


This study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding [[Tetrahydrocannabinol|<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC)- or [[cannabidiol]] (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich plants, CBD-rich plants, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoid and terpenoid content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards.  
This study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding [[Tetrahydrocannabinol|Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC)- or [[cannabidiol]] (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich plants, CBD-rich plants, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoid and terpenoid content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards.  


We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoid content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of [[Monoterpene|monoterpenoids]] had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The [[Sesquiterpene|sesquiterpenoids]] remained unchanged in the THC-rich female plants and had a trend of decreasing in the CBD-rich female plants. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration following fertilization with particular male plants.  
We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoid content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of [[Monoterpene|monoterpenoids]] had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The [[Sesquiterpene|sesquiterpenoids]] remained unchanged in the THC-rich female plants and had a trend of decreasing in the CBD-rich female plants. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration following fertilization with particular male plants.  

Revision as of 20:58, 24 November 2021

Full article title Fertilization following pollination predominantly decreases phytocannabinoids accumulation and alters the accumulation of terpenoids in Cannabis inflorescences
Journal Frontiers in Plant Science
Author(s) Feder, Carni L.; Cohen, Oded; Shapira, Anna; Katzir, Itay; Peer, Reut; Guberman, Ohad; Procaccia, Shiri; Berman, Paula; Flaishman, Moshe; Meiri, David
Author affiliation(s) Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Agricultural Research Organization of Israel
Primary contact Email: dmeiri at technion dot ac dot il
Editors Taglialatela-Scafati, Orazio
Year published 2021
Volume and issue 12
Article # 753847
DOI 10.3389/fpls.2021.753847
ISSN 1664-462X
Distribution license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Website https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.753847/full
Download https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.753847/pdf (PDF)

Abstract

Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has increasingly showed the therapeutic capabilities of Cannabis plants. These capabilities have been attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes of female inflorescences, mainly phytocannabinoids and terpenoids. The accumulation of these metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental, and environmental factors. As Cannabis is a dioecious plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids.

This study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- or cannabidiol (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich plants, CBD-rich plants, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoid and terpenoid content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards.

We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoid content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of monoterpenoids had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The sesquiterpenoids remained unchanged in the THC-rich female plants and had a trend of decreasing in the CBD-rich female plants. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration following fertilization with particular male plants.

Our results demonstrate that although the profile of phytocannabinoids and their relative ratios were kept, fertilization substantially decreased the concentration of nearly all phytocannabinoids in the plant regardless of the type of fertilizing male plant. Our findings may point to the functional roles of secondary metabolites in Cannabis.

Keywords: Cannabis, cannabinoids, terpenoids, secondary metabolites, chromatography/mass spectrometry, analytical methods, gas chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography

Introduction

References

Notes

This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. Some grammar and punctuation was cleaned up to improve readability. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added. The original article lists references in alphabetical order; however, this version lists them in order of appearance, by design.