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| Five monoecious (Uso-31, Carmaleonte, Codimono, Futura 75, and Felina 32) and six dioecious (Bernabeo, Carmagnola, CS, Fibranova, Fibrante, and Eletta Campana) European industrial hemp genotypes were cultivated in an open field for two consecutive years. The main characteristics of the cultivated plant material—including chemotypes, flower type, and flowering time—are reported in Table 1.
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="16"|'''Table 1.''' Agronomic trial data from the years 2019–2020. Height is expressed in cm, the diameter at the collar in mm, the density as number of plants/m<sup>2</sup>, and the dried inflorescences yield as g/m<sup>2</sup>.
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" rowspan="2"|Genotype
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" rowspan="2"|Chemotype
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" rowspan="2"|Flower type
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" rowspan="2"|Flowering time
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Sowing date
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Harvest date
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Height
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Collar diameter
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Plant density
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;" colspan="2"|Dried inflorescences yield
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2019
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| ! style="background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2020
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Carmaleonte
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Monoecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Medium
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|177 ± 42.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|223.6 ± 35.7
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|7.9 ± 2.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|13.8 ± 3.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|62 ± 24
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2.2 ± 1.1
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|460
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|20
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Codimono
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Monoecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Medium
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|25 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|183 ± 39.9
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|255.2 ± 32.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|6.6 ± 2.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|13.0 ± 3.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|77 ± 27.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|5.7 ± 0.7
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|440
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|51
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Futura 75
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Monoecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Medium
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|18 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|77.3 ± 17.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|238.6 ± 58.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|255.6 ± 4.9
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|13.1 ± 4.4
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8.6 ± 0.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|7.4 ± 1.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|71
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|67
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Felina 32
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Monoecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Medium
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|4 June
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|20 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|151 ± 33
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|222.3 ± 43.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|5.9 ± 1.9
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|13.3 ± 4.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|61.3 ± 23.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|4.2 ± 1.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|160
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|40
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Uso-31
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|V
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Monoecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Early
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|4 June
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|20 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|31 August
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|108 ± 31
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|184.4 ± 26.0
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|5.2 ± 1.9
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|11.6 ± 2.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|60.6 ± 11.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|3.2 ± 0.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|200
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|29
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Bernabeo
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|IV
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|28 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|211.6 ± 50.1
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|277.3 ± 38.9
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8.6 ± 2.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19.5 ± 6.7
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|64.3 ± 15.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|4.3 ± 3.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|430
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|39
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Carmagnola
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|9 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|228.3 ± 44.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|272.4 ± 34.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8.2 ± 2.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19.2 ± 5.1
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|61 ± 1
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|2.7 ± 2.0
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|410
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|24
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Fibranova
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|30 September
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|273.7 ± 45.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|314.5 ± 34.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|9.4 ± 2.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|17.1 ± 5.0
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|78.3 ± 14.4
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|6.3 ± 3.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|440
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|57
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Fibrante
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|11 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|269.1 ± 47.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|202.8 ± 5.2
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|10.1 ± 2.7
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|15.0 ± 1.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|85.3 ± 11
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|0.7 ± 0.4
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|420
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Eletta Campana
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|16 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|260.3 ± 44.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|304.5 ± 40.4
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|9.1 ± 2.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|17.5 ± 3.6
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|94.7 ± 29.1
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|5.7 ± 2.1
| |
| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|420
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|51
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| |-
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|CS
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|III
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Dioecious
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|Late
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|19 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|23 April
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|1 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|8 October
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|246 ± 51.8
| |
| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|333.7 ± 37.5
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|9.2 ± 3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|18.1 ± 3.8
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|60.3 ± 22.3
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|6.3 ± 1.7
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|440
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| | style="background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;"|57
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| |-
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| |}
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| |}
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| Sowing was performed on April 19, 2019 and April 23, 2020, with a 25 cm distance between rows on randomized blocks with three repetitions, and a plot size of 20 m<sup>2</sup>.
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| The harvest date differed according to the flower behavior and flowering time of each genotype. Generally, monoecious and early-flowering strains were harvested earlier than dioecious and late-flowering genotypes in both years (Table 1).
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| The comparison between plant heights showed differences between the two years, with higher plants obtained in 2020. The same trend was observed when comparing plant collar diameters. Plant density, defined as number of plants/m<sup>2</sup>, and dried inflorescences yield, measured as g/m<sup>2</sup>, were significantly lower in 2020, while dried inflorescences yield calculated for single plant was by far higher in 2020 than in 2019. These differences in plant growth in the two years of cultivation could be due to the lack of rainfall in the pre- and post-emergence period of 2020, compared to that of 2019, which could have caused a reduced germination rate and, therefore, a lower plant density. Conversely, 2019 was very rainy in May and June, favoring seed germination and following plant density. This rainfall trend was inverted in June; indeed, the rainy period (July and August) in 2020 could have allowed for a biomass production greater than that observed in 2019, as is clearly shown in Table 1. Finally, September 2019 was rainier than 2020, and this could have influenced the EOs’ yield.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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