Difference between revisions of "Template:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States/Laboratory testing of cannabis/Methods and guidelines/Sampling"

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Random, representative sampling is encouraged. When dealing with solid cannabis, BOTEC Analysis recommends a "quartering" method that divides the sample into four equal parts and takes portions from opposite sections of a square-shaped arrangement of the sample. For liquid cannabis products, remembering to stir before sample collection is advised.<ref name="APHLGuide16">{{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016 |accessdate=07 July 2021}}</ref> When deriving a sample from a cannabis-laden edible, the [[Quechers|QuEChERS]] approach used by food safety labs for pesticide testing has practical use.<ref name="RigdonExtract16">{{cite web |url=http://blog.restek.com/?p=25790 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919014255/http://blog.restek.com/?p=25790 |title=Extraction Method for Cannabinoid Analysis in Edibles: Too Much of a Good Thing |author=Rigdon, A. |work=ChromaBLOGraphy |publisher=Restek Corporation |date=12 May 2016 |archivedate=19 September 2017 |accessdate=07 July 2021}}</ref> In fact, a variety of parallels have been drawn from the food and herbal medicine industries' sampling guidelines, including from the Codex Alimentarius Commission's ''CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling'' as well as various chapters of the ''[[United States Pharmacopeia|United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary]]''.<ref name="APHLGuide16" /><ref name="CACGL50-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428175411/http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf |format=PDF |author=Codex Alimentarius Commission |title=CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling |pages=69 |archivedate=28 April 2019 |accessdate=07 July 2021}}</ref> As the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) points out, "[g]ood sampling is key to improving analytical data equivalency among organizations," and it provides a solid base for any future testing and standardization efforts.<ref name="APHLGuide16" />  
Random, representative sampling is encouraged. When dealing with solid cannabis, BOTEC Analysis recommends a "quartering" method that divides the sample into four equal parts and takes portions from opposite sections of a square-shaped arrangement of the sample. For liquid cannabis products, remembering to stir before sample collection is advised.<ref name="APHLGuide16">{{cite web |url=https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf |format=PDF |title=Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs |author=Association of Public Health Laboratories |pages=35 |date=May 2016 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> Sampling techniques may also vary depending on the constituent being tested, as with terpene testing, which may favor full evaporative technique (FET) headspace-based (HS) sampling for reducing certain sampling biases.<ref name="GoldmanTheAnal21">{{Cite journal |last=Goldman |first=Stephen |last2=Bramante |first2=Julia |last3=Vrdoljak |first3=Gordon |last4=Guo |first4=Weihong |last5=Wang |first5=Yun |last6=Marjanovic |first6=Olivera |last7=Orlowicz |first7=Sean |last8=Di Lorenzo |first8=Robert |last9=Noestheden |first9=Matthew |date=2021-06-15 |title=The analytical landscape of cannabis compliance testing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |journal=Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9-10 |pages=403–420 |doi=10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |issn=1082-6076}}</ref> Another consideration may be the matrix being tested, as when deriving a sample from a cannabis-laden edible; the [[Quechers|QuEChERS]] approach used by food safety labs for pesticide testing may have practical use.<ref name="RigdonExtract16">{{cite web |url=http://blog.restek.com/?p=25790 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919014255/http://blog.restek.com/?p=25790 |title=Extraction Method for Cannabinoid Analysis in Edibles: Too Much of a Good Thing |author=Rigdon, A. |work=ChromaBLOGraphy |publisher=Restek Corporation |date=12 May 2016 |archivedate=19 September 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> In fact, a variety of parallels have been drawn from the food and herbal medicine industries' sampling guidelines, including from the Codex Alimentarius Commission's ''CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling'' as well as various chapters of the ''[[United States Pharmacopeia|United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary]]''.<ref name="APHLGuide16" /><ref name="CACGL50-2004">{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428175411/http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf |format=PDF |author=Codex Alimentarius Commission |title=CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling |pages=69 |archivedate=28 April 2019 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> As the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) points out, "[g]ood sampling is key to improving analytical data equivalency among organizations," and it provides a solid base for any future testing and standardization efforts.<ref name="APHLGuide16" />  


Additional sampling insight can be found by examining other states' guidelines, e.g., Massachusetts' ''Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries''<ref name="DPHMassProto16">{{cite web |url=http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/quality/medical-marijuana/lab-protocols/finished-mmj/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908014040/http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/quality/medical-marijuana/lab-protocols/finished-mmj/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |format=PDF |title=Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries |author=Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality |publisher=Massachusetts Department of Public Health |pages=25 |date=05 February 2016 |archivedate=08 September 2017 |accessdate=07 July 2021}}</ref>, as well as ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 ''Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses''.<ref name="ASTMD8334">{{cite web |url=https://www.astm.org/Standards/D8334.htm |title=ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 ''Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses'' |author=ASTM Subcommittee D37.03 |publisher=ASTM International |date=2020 |accessdate=07 July 2021}}</ref>
Additional sampling insight can be found by examining other states' guidelines, e.g., Massachusetts' ''Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries''<ref name="DPHMassProto16">{{cite web |url=http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/quality/medical-marijuana/lab-protocols/finished-mmj/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908014040/http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/quality/medical-marijuana/lab-protocols/finished-mmj/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf |format=PDF |title=Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries |author=Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality |publisher=Massachusetts Department of Public Health |pages=25 |date=05 February 2016 |archivedate=08 September 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref>, as well as ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 ''Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses''.<ref name="ASTMD8334">{{cite web |url=https://www.astm.org/d8334_d8334m-20.html |title=ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 ''Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses'' |author=ASTM Subcommittee D37.03 |publisher=ASTM International |date=01 December 2020 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 18:42, 5 August 2022

Random, representative sampling is encouraged. When dealing with solid cannabis, BOTEC Analysis recommends a "quartering" method that divides the sample into four equal parts and takes portions from opposite sections of a square-shaped arrangement of the sample. For liquid cannabis products, remembering to stir before sample collection is advised.[1] Sampling techniques may also vary depending on the constituent being tested, as with terpene testing, which may favor full evaporative technique (FET) headspace-based (HS) sampling for reducing certain sampling biases.[2] Another consideration may be the matrix being tested, as when deriving a sample from a cannabis-laden edible; the QuEChERS approach used by food safety labs for pesticide testing may have practical use.[3] In fact, a variety of parallels have been drawn from the food and herbal medicine industries' sampling guidelines, including from the Codex Alimentarius Commission's CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling as well as various chapters of the United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary.[1][4] As the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) points out, "[g]ood sampling is key to improving analytical data equivalency among organizations," and it provides a solid base for any future testing and standardization efforts.[1]

Additional sampling insight can be found by examining other states' guidelines, e.g., Massachusetts' Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries[5], as well as ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses.[6]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). "Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs" (PDF). pp. 35. https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  2. ↑ Goldman, Stephen; Bramante, Julia; Vrdoljak, Gordon; Guo, Weihong; Wang, Yun; Marjanovic, Olivera; Orlowicz, Sean; Di Lorenzo, Robert et al. (15 June 2021). "The analytical landscape of cannabis compliance testing" (in en). Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 44 (9-10): 403–420. doi:10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390. ISSN 1082-6076. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390. 
  3. ↑ Rigdon, A. (12 May 2016). "Extraction Method for Cannabinoid Analysis in Edibles: Too Much of a Good Thing". ChromaBLOGraphy. Restek Corporation. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170919014255/http://blog.restek.com/?p=25790. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  4. ↑ Codex Alimentarius Commission. "CAC/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling" (PDF). pp. 69. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190428175411/http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  5. ↑ Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality (5 February 2016). "Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Public Health. pp. 25. Archived from the original on 08 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170908014040/http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/quality/medical-marijuana/lab-protocols/finished-mmj/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  6. ↑ ASTM Subcommittee D37.03 (1 December 2020). "ASTM D8334/D8334M-20 Standard Practice for Sampling of Cannabis/Hemp Post-Harvest Batches for Laboratory Analyses". ASTM International. https://www.astm.org/d8334_d8334m-20.html. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
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