Difference between revisions of "Template:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States/Laboratory testing of cannabis/Analytical aspects of cannabis/Terpenes"

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Mandated lab testing of terpenes—volatile organic compounds that distinctly affect cannabis aroma and taste—is done primarily as a way to ensure proper labeling of cannabis and related products, including extracts and concentrates, so buyers have confidence in what they are purchasing.<ref name="HabibTesting13">{{cite web |url=https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC reports/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf |format=PDF |title=Testing for Psychoactive Agents |author=Habib, R.; Finighan, R.; Davenport, S. |publisher=BOTEC Analysis Corp |date=24 August 2013 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="CMTLabs">{{cite web |url=http://www.cmtlaboratory.com/test-services/tests-offered/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208231830/http://www.cmtlaboratory.com/test-services/tests-offered/ |title=Tests Offered |publisher=CMT Laboratories |archivedate=08 February 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="WercShop">{{cite web |url=http://thewercshop.com/services/terpene-profiling-services/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914143702/http://thewercshop.com/services/terpene-profiling-services/ |title=Terpene Profiling Services |publisher=The Werc Shop |archivedate=14 September 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> However, additional lab research goes into terpenes as they also show potentially useful pharmacological properties<ref name="HabibTesting13" /><ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="AndreCannabis16">{{cite journal |title=''Cannabis sativa'': The plant of the thousand and one molecules |journal=Frontiers in Plant Medicine |author=Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. |volume=7 |pages=19 |year=2016 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00019 |pmid=26870049 |pmc=PMC4740396}}</ref>, and they demonstrate synergies (referred to at times as the "entourage effect") with cannabinoids, requiring further research.<ref name="CassidayTheHighs16">{{cite web |url=https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016 |title=The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing |author=Cassiday, L. |work=INFORM |publisher=American Oil Chemists' Society |date=October 2016 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="AndreCannabis16" /><ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="WachsbergerTerpene16">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomcityclub.com/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here/ |title=Terpene Testing: The future of Cannabis is here |author=Wachsberger, K. |work=Bloom Blog |publisher=Bloom City Club |date=02 February 2016 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> Testing for specific terpenes (discussed later) has histoically been less of a standardized practice<ref name="HabibTesting13" />, though it's rapidly improving.<ref name="GoldmanTheAnal21">{{Cite journal |last=Goldman |first=Stephen |last2=Bramante |first2=Julia |last3=Vrdoljak |first3=Gordon |last4=Guo |first4=Weihong |last5=Wang |first5=Yun |last6=Marjanovic |first6=Olivera |last7=Orlowicz |first7=Sean |last8=Di Lorenzo |first8=Robert |last9=Noestheden |first9=Matthew |date=2021-06-15 |title=The analytical landscape of cannabis compliance testing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |journal=Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9-10 |pages=403–420 |doi=10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |issn=1082-6076}}</ref> Commonly tested terpenes by third-party testing labs include<ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="CMTLabs" /><ref name="AndreCannabis16" /><ref name="CassidayTheHighs16" /><ref name="GoldmanTheAnal21" /><ref name="RahnUnder14">{{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/understanding-cannabis-testing |title=Understanding Cannabis Testing: A Guide to Cannabinoids and Terpenes |work=Leafly - Cannabis 101 |author=Rahn, B. |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=28 July 2020 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="SCLabs">{{cite web |url=https://www.sclabs.com/terpene-analysis/ |title=Terpene Analysis |publisher=SC Labs, Inc |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref>:
Mandated lab testing of terpenes—volatile organic compounds that distinctly affect cannabis aroma and taste—is done primarily as a way to ensure proper labeling of cannabis and related products, including extracts and concentrates, so buyers have confidence in what they are purchasing.<ref name="HabibTesting13">{{cite web |url=https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC reports/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf |format=PDF |title=Testing for Psychoactive Agents |author=Habib, R.; Finighan, R.; Davenport, S. |publisher=BOTEC Analysis Corp |date=24 August 2013 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="CMTLabs">{{cite web |url=http://www.cmtlaboratory.com/test-services/tests-offered/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208231830/http://www.cmtlaboratory.com/test-services/tests-offered/ |title=Tests Offered |publisher=CMT Laboratories |archivedate=08 February 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="WercShop">{{cite web |url=http://thewercshop.com/services/terpene-profiling-services/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914143702/http://thewercshop.com/services/terpene-profiling-services/ |title=Terpene Profiling Services |publisher=The Werc Shop |archivedate=14 September 2017 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> However, additional lab research goes into terpenes as they also show potentially useful pharmacological properties<ref name="HabibTesting13" /><ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="AndreCannabis16">{{cite journal |title=''Cannabis sativa'': The plant of the thousand and one molecules |journal=Frontiers in Plant Medicine |author=Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. |volume=7 |pages=19 |year=2016 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2016.00019 |pmid=26870049 |pmc=PMC4740396}}</ref>, and they demonstrate synergies (referred to at times as the "entourage effect") with cannabinoids, requiring further research.<ref name="CassidayTheHighs16">{{cite web |url=https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016 |title=The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing |author=Cassiday, L. |work=INFORM |publisher=American Oil Chemists' Society |date=October 2016 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="AndreCannabis16" /><ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="WachsbergerTerpene16">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomcityclub.com/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here/ |title=Terpene Testing: The future of Cannabis is here |author=Wachsberger, K. |work=Bloom Blog |publisher=Bloom City Club |date=02 February 2016 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref> Testing for specific terpenes (discussed later) has histoically been less of a standardized practice<ref name="HabibTesting13" />, though it's rapidly improving.<ref name="GoldmanTheAnal21">{{Cite journal |last=Goldman |first=Stephen |last2=Bramante |first2=Julia |last3=Vrdoljak |first3=Gordon |last4=Guo |first4=Weihong |last5=Wang |first5=Yun |last6=Marjanovic |first6=Olivera |last7=Orlowicz |first7=Sean |last8=Di Lorenzo |first8=Robert |last9=Noestheden |first9=Matthew |date=2021-06-15 |title=The analytical landscape of cannabis compliance testing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |journal=Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies |language=en |volume=44 |issue=9-10 |pages=403–420 |doi=10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390 |issn=1082-6076}}</ref> Commonly tested terpenes by third-party testing labs include<ref name="WercShop" /><ref name="CMTLabs" /><ref name="AndreCannabis16" /><ref name="CassidayTheHighs16" /><ref name="GoldmanTheAnal21" /><ref name="RahnUnder14">{{cite web |url=https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/understanding-cannabis-testing |title=Understanding Cannabis Testing: A Guide to Cannabinoids and Terpenes |work=Leafly - Cannabis 101 |author=Rahn, B. |publisher=Leafly Holdings, Inc |date=09 October 2014 |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="SCLabs">{{cite web |url=https://www.sclabs.com/terpene-analysis/ |title=Terpene Analysis |publisher=SC Labs, Inc |accessdate=05 August 2022}}</ref>:


* [[Bisabolol]]
* [[Bisabolol]]

Latest revision as of 22:00, 5 August 2022

Mandated lab testing of terpenes—volatile organic compounds that distinctly affect cannabis aroma and taste—is done primarily as a way to ensure proper labeling of cannabis and related products, including extracts and concentrates, so buyers have confidence in what they are purchasing.[1][2][3] However, additional lab research goes into terpenes as they also show potentially useful pharmacological properties[1][3][4], and they demonstrate synergies (referred to at times as the "entourage effect") with cannabinoids, requiring further research.[5][4][3][6] Testing for specific terpenes (discussed later) has histoically been less of a standardized practice[1], though it's rapidly improving.[7] Commonly tested terpenes by third-party testing labs include[3][2][4][5][7][8][9]:

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Habib, R.; Finighan, R.; Davenport, S. (24 August 2013). reports/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf "Testing for Psychoactive Agents" (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp. https://lcb.wa.gov/publications/Marijuana/BOTEC reports/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Tests Offered". CMT Laboratories. Archived from the original on 08 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170208231830/http://www.cmtlaboratory.com/test-services/tests-offered/. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Terpene Profiling Services". The Werc Shop. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170914143702/http://thewercshop.com/services/terpene-profiling-services/. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Andre, C.M.; Hausman, J.-F.; Guerriero, G. (2016). "Cannabis sativa: The plant of the thousand and one molecules". Frontiers in Plant Medicine 7: 19. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00019. PMC PMC4740396. PMID 26870049. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4740396. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cassiday, L. (October 2016). "The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing". INFORM. American Oil Chemists' Society. https://www.aocs.org/stay-informed/inform-magazine/featured-articles/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  6. ↑ Wachsberger, K. (2 February 2016). "Terpene Testing: The future of Cannabis is here". Bloom Blog. Bloom City Club. https://www.bloomcityclub.com/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here/. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Goldman, Stephen; Bramante, Julia; Vrdoljak, Gordon; Guo, Weihong; Wang, Yun; Marjanovic, Olivera; Orlowicz, Sean; Di Lorenzo, Robert et al. (15 June 2021). "The analytical landscape of cannabis compliance testing" (in en). Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 44 (9-10): 403–420. doi:10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390. ISSN 1082-6076. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826076.2021.1996390. 
  8. ↑ Rahn, B. (9 October 2014). "Understanding Cannabis Testing: A Guide to Cannabinoids and Terpenes". Leafly - Cannabis 101. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/understanding-cannabis-testing. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
  9. ↑ "Terpene Analysis". SC Labs, Inc. https://www.sclabs.com/terpene-analysis/. Retrieved 05 August 2022. 
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