Difference between revisions of "Journal:Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: A narrative review"

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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
''[[Cannabis sativa]]'' L. is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to eastern Asia.<ref name="DeBackerInnov09">{{cite journal |title=Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material |journal=Journal of Chromatography B |author=De Backer, B.; Debrus, B.; Lebrun, P. et al. |volume=877 |issue=32 |pages=4115–24 |year=2009 |doi=10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.004 |pmid=19932642}}</ref> The [[phenotype]]s of ''Cannabis'' are highly variable, and the plant is accepted to have two subspecies: ''C. sativa'' and ''[[Cannabis indica|C. indica]]''.<ref name="HilligAChemo04">{{cite journal |title=A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae) |journal=American Journal of Botany |author=Hillig, K.W.; Mahlberg, P.G. |volume=91 |issue=6 |pages=966-75 |year=2004 |doi=10.3732/ajb.91.6.966 |pmid=21653452}}</ref><ref name="KnightTheResults10">{{cite journal |title=The results of an experimental indoor hydroponic Cannabis growing study, using the 'Screen of Green' (ScrOG) method-Yield, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and DNA analysis |journal=Forensic Science International |author=Knight, G.; Hansen, S.; Connor, M. et al. |volume=202 |issue=1–3 |pages=36–44 |year=2010 |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.022 |pmid=20462712}}</ref> A third variety, ''[[Cannabis ruderalis|C. ruderalis]]'', has been identified as a ''Cannabis'' species; however, it is not broadly recognized as a specific subspecies of ''C. sativa''.<ref name="HilligAChemo04" /><ref name="FischedickCanna10">{{cite journal |title=Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of ''Cannabis sativa'' L. smoke and vapor |journal=Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin |author=Fischedick, J.T.; Van Der Kooy, F.; Verpoorte, R. |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=201–7 |year=2010 |doi=10.1248/cpb.58.201 |pmid=20118579}}</ref> The ''Cannabis'' plant has been used for its therapeutic properties for thousands of years, and it was introduced to Western medicine in the nineteenth century, until it was later outlawed in the U.S. from the mid-1930s.<ref name="Aizpurua-OlaizolaIdent14">{{cite journal |title=Identification and quantification of cannabinoids in ''Cannabis sativa'' L. plants by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |author=Aizpurua-Olaizola, O.; Omar, J.; Navarro, P. et al. |volume=406 |issue=29 |pages=7549-60 |year=2014 |doi=10.1007/s00216-014-8177-x |pmid=25338935}}</ref>




<ref name="FischedickMetabo10">{{cite journal |title=Metabolic fingerprinting of Cannabis sativa L., cannabinoids and terpenoids for chemotaxonomic and drug standardization purposes |journal=Phytochemistry |author=Fischedick, J.T.; Hazekamp, A.; Erkelens, T. et al. |volume=71 |issue=17–18 |pages=2058–73 |year=2010 |doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.10.001 |pmid=21040939}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Notes==
==Notes==
This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. Some grammar and punctuation was cleaned up to improve readability. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added.  
This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. Some grammar and punctuation was cleaned up to improve readability. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added. The original article lists references in alphabetical order; this wiki organizes them by order of appearance, by design.


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Revision as of 22:39, 25 November 2020

Full article title Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: A narrative review
Journal Journal of Cannabis Research
Author(s) Lazarjani, Masoumeh P.; Torres, Stephanie; Hooker, Thom; Fowlie, Chris; Young, Owen; Seyfoddin, Ali
Author affiliation(s) Auckland University of Technology, Chapman University, ZeaCann Limited,
Primary contact Email: Online form
Year published 2020
Volume and issue 2
Article # 35
DOI 10.1186/s42238-020-00040-2
ISSN 2522-5782
Distribution license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Website https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42238-020-00040-2
Download https://jcannabisresearch.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s42238-020-00040-2.pdf (PDF)

Abstract

Background: Around 144 cannabinoids have been identified in the Cannabis plant; among them tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most prominent ones. Because of the legal restrictions on cannabis in many countries, it is difficult to obtain standards to use in research; nonetheless, it is important to develop a cannabinoid quantification technique, with practical pharmaceutical applications for quality control of future therapeutic cannabinoids.

Method: To find relevant articles for this narrative review paper, a combination of keywords such as "medicinal cannabis," "analytical," "quantification," and "cannabinoids" were searched for in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases.

Results: The most common cannabinoid quantification techniques include gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gas chromatography is often used in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) or flame ionization detection (FID). The major advantage of GC is with the quantification of terpenes. However, for evaluating acidic cannabinoids, it needs to be derivatized. The main advantage of HPLC is the ability to quantify both acidic and neutral forms of cannabinoids without derivatization, which is often accomplished with MS or ultraviolet (UV) detectors.

Conclusion: Based on the information presented in this review, the ideal cannabinoid quantification method is HPLC paired with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).

Introduction

Cannabis sativa L. is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to eastern Asia.[1] The phenotypes of Cannabis are highly variable, and the plant is accepted to have two subspecies: C. sativa and C. indica.[2][3] A third variety, C. ruderalis, has been identified as a Cannabis species; however, it is not broadly recognized as a specific subspecies of C. sativa.[2][4] The Cannabis plant has been used for its therapeutic properties for thousands of years, and it was introduced to Western medicine in the nineteenth century, until it was later outlawed in the U.S. from the mid-1930s.[5]



[6]

References

  1. De Backer, B.; Debrus, B.; Lebrun, P. et al. (2009). "Innovative development and validation of an HPLC/DAD method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of major cannabinoids in cannabis plant material". Journal of Chromatography B 877 (32): 4115–24. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.004. PMID 19932642. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Hillig, K.W.; Mahlberg, P.G. (2004). "A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae)". American Journal of Botany 91 (6): 966-75. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.6.966. PMID 21653452. 
  3. Knight, G.; Hansen, S.; Connor, M. et al. (2010). "The results of an experimental indoor hydroponic Cannabis growing study, using the 'Screen of Green' (ScrOG) method-Yield, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and DNA analysis". Forensic Science International 202 (1–3): 36–44. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.022. PMID 20462712. 
  4. Fischedick, J.T.; Van Der Kooy, F.; Verpoorte, R. (2010). "Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of Cannabis sativa L. smoke and vapor". Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 58 (2): 201–7. doi:10.1248/cpb.58.201. PMID 20118579. 
  5. Aizpurua-Olaizola, O.; Omar, J.; Navarro, P. et al. (2014). "Identification and quantification of cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. plants by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 406 (29): 7549-60. doi:10.1007/s00216-014-8177-x. PMID 25338935. 
  6. Fischedick, J.T.; Hazekamp, A.; Erkelens, T. et al. (2010). "Metabolic fingerprinting of Cannabis sativa L., cannabinoids and terpenoids for chemotaxonomic and drug standardization purposes". Phytochemistry 71 (17–18): 2058–73. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.10.001. PMID 21040939. 

Notes

This presentation is faithful to the original, with only a few minor changes to presentation. Some grammar and punctuation was cleaned up to improve readability. In some cases important information was missing from the references, and that information was added. The original article lists references in alphabetical order; this wiki organizes them by order of appearance, by design.